Programming Assignment 1: Introduction to C Solution

Introduction

This assignment is designed to give you some initial experience with programming in C, as well as compiling, linking, running, and debugging. Your task is to write 9 small C programs. Each of them will test a portion of your knowledge about C programming. They are discussed below.


First: Looping (5 points)

The rst part requires you to write a program that checks whether a number is prime or not. A number is prime if it is divisible only by 1 and that number.


Input and output format: This program takes an integer argument from the command line. It prints \yes" if the number is prime, \no" if the number is not prime, and \error" if no input is given. You can assume the input will be a proper integer (> 0). Thus, it will not contain ‘.’ or any letters. The command prompt in the examples below is indicated by ’$’.


Example Execution:

$./first 10

no

$./first 7

yes

$./first

error


Second: Linked List (10 points)

In the second part, you have to implement a linked list that maintains a list of integers in sorted order. Thus, if the list contains 2, 5 and 8, then 1 will be inserted at the start of the list, 3 will be inserted between 2 and 5 and 10 will be inserted at the end.


Input format: This program takes a le name as an argument from the command line. The le is either blank or contains successive lines of input. Each line contains a character, either ‘i’ or


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‘d’, followed by a tab character and then an integer. For each of the lines that starts with ‘i’, your program should insert that number in the linked list in sorted order if it is not already there. Your program should not insert any duplicate values. If the line starts with a ‘d’, your program should delete the value if it is present in the linked list. Your program should silently ignore the line if the requested value is not present in the linked list.


Output format: At the end of the execution, your program should print all the values of the linked list in sorted order. The values should be in a single line separated by tabs. There should be no leading or trailing white spaces in the output. Your program should print \error" (and nothing else) if the le does not exist or it contains lines with improper structure. Your program should print a blank line if the input le is empty or the resulting linked list has no nodes.

Example Execution:

Lets assume we have 3 text    les with the following contents:

\ le1.txt" is empty

le2.txt:

    • 10

    • 12

    • 10

i   5

le3.txt:

    • 7

    • 10

    • 5

    • 10 d   10

Then the result will be:

$./second file1.txt

$./second file2.txt

5 12

$./second file3.txt

5

$./second file4.txt

error


Third: Hash table (10 points)

In this part, you will implement a hash table containing integers. The hash table has 10,000 buckets. An important part of a hash table is collision resolution. In this assignment, we want you to use chaining with a linked list to handle a collision. This means that if there is a collision at a particular bucket then you will maintain a linked list of all values stored at that bucket. For more information about chaining, see http://research.cs.vt.edu/AVresearch/hashing/openhash.php.

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For this problem, you have to use following hash function: key modulo the number of buckets.


Input format: This program takes a le name as argument from the command line. The le is either blank or contains successive lines of input. Each line contains a character, either ‘i’ or ‘s’, followed by a tab and then an integer, the same format as in the Second Part. For each of the lines that starts with ‘i’, your program should insert that number in the hash table if it is not present. If the line starts with a ‘s’, your program should search the hash table for that value.


Output format: For each line in the input le, your program should print the status/result of that operation. For an insert, the program should print \inserted" if the value is inserted or \duplicate" if the value is already present. For a search, the program should print "present" or \absent" based on the outcome of the search. Your program should print \error" (and nothing else) if the le does not exist. The program should also print \error" for input lines with improper structure.



Example Execution:

Lets assume we have 2 text    les with the following contents:

\ le1.txt" is empty

le2.txt:

    • 10

    • 12 s   10

    • 5

    • 10 s 5

The the results will be:

$./third file1.txt

$./third file2.txt

inserted

inserted

present

error

duplicate

absent

$./third file3.txt

error


Fourth: Matrix addition (15 points)

The fourth part requires you to add 2 matrices. The matrices need to have same dimensions (number of rows and columns) for the addition to be valid. The output will be of the same dimensions as well.


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Input and output format: This program takes a le name as argument from the command line. The rst line of the le will contain two numbers separated by a tab, m and n, where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns. This will be followed by the m lines of rst matrix followed by a blank line and second matrix, also on m lines. Each row will have n tab-separated values. You can assume the input will be properly structured for this part of the assignment. The program should output the result matrix in m lines. Each line will contain n tab-separated values.


Example Execution:

Lets assume we have a text    le,    le1.txt, with the following contents:

le1.txt:

3
3

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Then the output will be:

$./fourth    le1.txt

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2


Fifth:Matrix Multiplication (15 points)

The fth part requires you to multiply 2 matrices. The matrices need to have consistent dimensions (number of rows and columns) for a valid multiplication: the number of columns of the rst matrix must be equal to number of rows in the second.

Input and output formats: This program takes a le name as an argument from the command line. The rst line of the le will contain 2 tab-separated numbers, m1 and n1, where m1 is the number of rows in the rst matrix and n1 is the number of columns in the rst matrix. This will be followed by the m1 lines of rst matrix, containing n1 tab-separated values, followed by a blank line, then 2 tab-separated numbers, m2 and n2, where m2 is the number of rows in the second matrix and n2 is the number of columns in the second matrix. Again, this is followed by the m2 lines of the second matrix. Each row will contain n2 tab-separated values, the same as the rst matrix. You can assume the input will be properly structured for this part of the assignment. The program should output the resulting matrix in m1 lines. Each line will again contain n2 tab-separated values.










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Lets assume we have " le1.txt":


    • 2

2 2

2 2

2 2

    • 3

1 1 1

1 1 1

The output will be:

$./seventh file1.txt

4 4 4

4 4 4

4 4 4


Sixth: String Operations (5 points)

The sixth part requires you to read an input string representing a sentence, generate an acronym from the rst letters of the words, and print it out. The letters of the acronym are the same case as their respective words in the input sentence.

Input and output format: This program takes a string of space-separated words, and should output the acronym as a single word.

$./sixth Hello World!

HW

$./sixth Welcome to CS211

WtC

$./sixth Rutgers Scarlet Knights

RSK


Seventh: String Operations II (5 points)

The seventh part requires you to read an input string representing a sentence, form a word whose letters are the last letters or punctuation of the words in the given sentence, and print it.

Input and output format: This program takes a string of space-separated words, and should output a single word as the output.

$./seventh Hello World!

o!

$./seventh Welcome to CS211

eo1

5

$./seventh Rutgers Scarlet Knights

sts


Eighth: Binary Search Tree (15 points)

In the eighth part, you have to implement a binary search tree. The tree must satisfy the binary search tree property: the key in each node must be greater than all keys stored in the left sub-tree, and smaller than all keys in right sub-tree. You have to dynamically allocate space for each node and free the space for the nodes at the end of the program.

Input format:

This program takes a le name as an argument from the command line. The le is either blank or contains successive lines of input. Each line starts with a character, either i’ or ’s’, followed by a tab and then an integer. For each line that starts with ’i’, your program should insert that number in the binary search tree if it is not already there. If it is already present, you will print "duplicate" and not change the tree. If the line starts with a ’s’, your program should search for the value.

Output format:

For each line in the input le, your program should print the status/result of the operation. For an insert operation, the program should print either\inserted" with a single space followed by a number, the height of the inserted node in the tree, or "duplicate" if the value is already present in the tree. The height of the root node is 1. For a search, the program should either print ‘’present", followed by the height of the node, or \absent" based on the outcome of the search. Your program should print \error" (and nothing else) if the le does not exist or for input lines with improper structure.

Example Execution:

Lets assume we have a    le    le1.txt with the following contents:

    • 5

    • 3

    • 4

    • 1

    • 6 s 1

Executing the program in the following fashion should produce the output shown below:


$./eighth file1.txt

inserted 1

inserted 2

inserted 3

inserted 3

inserted 2

present 3

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Ninth: Deletion with Binary Search Tree (20 points)

In the ninth part, you will extend the binary search tree in the eighth part to support the deletion of a node. The deletion of a node is slightly trickier compared to the search and insert in the eighth part.

The deletion is straightforward if the node to be deleted has only one child. You make the parent of the node to be deleted point to that child. In this scenario, special attention must be paid only when the node to be deleted is the root.

Deleting a node with two children requires some more work. In this case, you must nd the minimum element in the right subtree of the node to be deleted. Then you insert that node in the place where the node to be deleted was. This process needs to be repeated to delete the minimum node that was just moved.

In either case, if the node to be deleted is the root, you must update the pointer to the root to point to the new root node.

Input format: This program takes a le name as argument from the command line. The le is either blank or contains successive lines of input. Each line contains a character, ’i’, ’s’, or ’d’, followed by a tab and an integer. For each line that starts with ’i’, your program should insert that number in the binary search tree if it is not already there. If the line starts with a ’s’, your program should search for that value. If the line starts with a ’d’, your program should delete that value from the tree.

Output format: For each line in the input le, your program should print the status/result of the operation. For insert and search, the output is the same as in the Eighth Part: For an insert operation, the program should print either \inserted" with a single space followed by a number, the height of the inserted node in the tree, or "duplicate" if the value is already present in the tree. The height of the root node is 1. For a search, the program should either print "present", followed by the height of the node, or "absent" based on the outcome of the search. For a delete, the program should print "success" or "fail" based on the whether the value was present or not. Again, as in the Eight Part, your program should print "error" (and nothing else) if the le does not exist or for input lines with improper structure.


Example Execution:

Lets assume we have a    le    le1.txt with the following contents:

    • 5

    • 3

    • 4

    • 1

    • 6

    • 2 s 1 d 3 s 2

Executing the program in the following fashion should produce the output shown below:


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./ninth file1.txt

inserted 1

inserted 2

inserted 3

inserted 3

inserted 2

inserted 4

present 3

success

present 4


Structure of your submission folder

All les must be included in the pa1 folder. The pa1 directory in your tar le must contain 9 subdirectories, one each for each of the parts. The name of the directories should be named rst through ninth (in lower case). Each directory should contain a c source le, a header le (if you use it) and a make le. For example, the subdirectory rst will contain, rst.c, rst.h (if you create one) and Make le (the names are case sensitive).

pa1

|- first

|-- first.c

|-- first.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- second

|-- second.c

|-- second.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- third

|-- third.c

|-- third.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- fourth

|-- fourth.c

|-- fourth.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- fifth

|-- fifth.c

|-- fifth.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- sixth

|-- sixth.c

|-- sixth.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- seventh

|-- seventh.c

|-- seventh.h (if used)

|-- Makefile

|- eigth

|-- eigth.c

|-- eigth.h (if used)


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|-- Makefile

|- ninth

|-- ninth.c

|-- ninth.h (if used)

|-- Makefile


Submission

You have to e-submit the assignment using Sakai. Your submission should be a tar le named pa1.tar. To create this le, put everything that you are submitting into a directory (folder) named pa1. Then, cd into the directory containing pa1 (that is, pa1’s parent directory) and run the following command:

tar cvf pa1.tar pa1

To check that you have correctly created the tar le, you should copy it (pa1.tar) into an empty directory and run the following command:

tar xvf pa1.tar

This should create a directory named pa1 in the (previously) empty directory.

The pa1 directory in your tar le must contain 9 subdirectories, one each for each of the parts. The name of the directories should be named rst through ninth (in lower case). Each directory should contain a c source le, a header le and a make le. For example, the subdirectory rst will contain, rst.c, rst.h and Make le (the names are case sensitive).


AutoGrader

We provide the AutoGrader to test your assignment. AutoGrader is provided as autograder.tar.

Executing the following command will create the autograder folder.

$tar xvf autograder.tar

There are two modes available for testing your assignment with the AutoGrader.


First mode

Testing when you are writing code with a pa1 folder

    (1) Lets say you have a pa1 folder with the directory structure as described in the assignment.

    (2) Copy the folder to the directory of the autograder

    (3) Run the autograder with the following command

$python auto grader.py


It will run your programs and print your scores.

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Second mode

This mode is to test your    nal submission (i.e, pa1.tar)

    (1) Copy pa1.tar to the auto grader directory

    (2) Run the auto grader with pa1.tar as the argument. The command line is

$python auto grader.py pa1.tar


Scoring

The autograder will print out information about the compilation and the testing process. At the end, if your assignment is completely correct, the score will something similar to what is given below.

You scored

5.0    in    second

7.5    in    fourth

5.0    in    third

2.5    in    sixth

10.0    in    ninth

2.5    in    seventh

7.5    in    eighth

7.5    in    fifth

2.5    in    first

Your TOTAL SCORE =    50.0 /50

Your assignment will be graded for another 50 points with test cases not given to you


Grading Guidelines

This is a large class so that necessarily the most signi cant part of your grade will be based on programmatic checking of your program. That is, we will build the binary using the Make le and source code that you submitted, and then test the binary for correct functionality against a set of inputs. Thus:

You should not see or use your friend’s code either partially or fully. We will run state of the art plagiarism detectors. We will report everything caught by the tool to O ce of Student Conduct.

You should make sure that we can build your program by just running make.

You should test your code as thoroughly as you can. In particular, your code should be adept at handling exceptional cases. For example, programs should not crash if the argument is not a proper number or a le does not exist.

Your program should produce the output following the example format shown in previous sections.  Any variation in the output format can result in up to 100% penalty.  Be

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especially careful to not add extra whitespace or newlines. That means you will probably not get any credit if you forgot to comment out some debugging message.

Be careful to follow all instructions. If something doesn’t seem right, ask.





























































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