HW 01 QUESTIONS

Write your answers to the questions below directly in this text file to
prepare for the associated quiz. Credit for the HW is earned by
completing the associated online quiz on Gradescope.


PROBLEM 1 `age.c'
=================

A
~

  Examine the source code for `age.c'. Compile it using the following
  invocation of `gcc'
  ,----
  | gcc age.c
  `----
  This should create the executable `a.out'. Run this program using the
  invocation.
  ,----
  | ./a.out
  `----
  Perform several runs of the program with the following values and
  paste your output in the space below.

  - Enter 16
  You are 8409600 minutes old.
You're too young to do anything fun.

  - Enter 18
  You are 9460800 minutes old.
You can vote but cannot legally imbibe alcohol.
I bet that hasn't stopped you from trying though...

  - Enter 25
  You may imbibe alcohol but cannot be president

  - Enter 44
  You may imbibe alcohol but cannot be president


B
~

  Analyze the code for `age.c' and describe a flaw in the conditional
  structure towards the end that prevents the output:
  ,----
  | You can vote, drink, and be president.
  | Try all three at once!
  `----
  from being printed.

  The problem is that the final else block will never be reached because the 
  else if above it already encapsulates all integers above 21

  Alter the code to fix this bug so that for ages 35 and larger, the
  above text is printed. Paste your fixed code for the conditional below
  and test it by recompiling and showing a demo run.

  change by adding "&& age_years < 44" into the final else if

Enter your age in years: 
44
You are 23126400 minutes old.
You can vote, drink, and be president.
Try all three at once!

lets goooooooooo

C
~

  Attempt to enter some absurd ages for the age computation.

  - Enter 5000
      Enter your age in years: 
      5000
      You are -1666967296 minutes old.
      You can vote, drink, and be president.
      Try all three at once!


  - Enter -5000
      Enter your age in years: 
      -5000
      You are 1666967296 minutes old.
      You're too young to do anything fun.

  Describe anything strange that seems to be happening based your
  understanding of how basic arithmetic is supposed to work.

integer overflow stinky

  If you happen to know WHY this strangeness is happening, describe it
  below.  If not, you will find out soon.


D
~

  Describe which function is used to print information to the screen.
  Describe how it seems to work to substitute values into output and
  what *format specifier* indicates an integer should be substituted.

  printf() is used to print to terminal
  "" is used for strings
https://www.w3resource.com/c-programming/c-printf-statement.php
  %d 


E
~

  Describe what function is used to read typed input interactively from
  a user in the `age.c' program.  Describe anything that seems strange
  about this function or its arguments.

  We will learn in not long why this bit of strangeness is necessary.

   scanf("%d", &age_years);


PROBLEM 2 Collatz
=================

A
~

  Examine and compile the code associated with the collatz
  program. There are three files associated with this program.
  - `collatz_funcs.c' which defines two utility functions for computing
    the Collatz sequence
  - `collatz_main.c' which defines a `main()' function to compute a
    Collatz sequence
  - `collatz.h' header file which declares functions in
    `collatz_funcs.c' so that they are known to `collatz_main.c'

  To compile the program, use the following invocation of `gcc'
  ,----
  | gcc -o collatz collatz_funcs.c collatz_main.c
  `----
  This should create the program `collatz' which can be run with
  ,----
  | ./collatz
  `----

  Do so and enter inputs
  - Starting integer 7
  - Show output: 1

  Paste the output below.
Step 0: 7
Step 1: 22
Step 2: 11
Step 3: 34
Step 4: 17
Step 5: 52
Step 6: 26
Step 7: 13
Step 8: 40
Step 9: 20
Step 10: 10
Step 11: 5
Step 12: 16
Step 13: 8
Step 14: 4
Step 15: 2
Step 16: 1
The starting value 7 converged to 1 in 16 steps

B
~

  Determine what the "dash-O" option used above for `gcc -o' does. For
  example, what happens if one runs
  ,----
  | gcc -o GLIPGLOP collatz_funcs.c collatz_main.c
  `----

  instead.  You may wish to use the `ls' command to list the files in
  the current directory.

  Describe what happens if you omit this option `-o' when compiling as
  in
  ,----
  | gcc collatz_funcs.c collatz_main.c
  `----

the dash o allows us to name what the output file will be called

without o there is an error because it expects connasus to be a c file

with only c files and gcc it combines the files when it compiles




C
~

  Attempt to compile only the file `collatz_main.c' by doing
  ,----
  | gcc -o something collatz_main.c
  `----


  This should result in an error. Show the output of that error and
  determine why the compilation fails.

/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNGCw9Q.o: in function `main':
collatz_main.c:(.text+0x51): undefined reference to `collatz_next'
/usr/bin/ld: collatz_main.c:(.text+0xa2): undefined reference to `collatz_steps'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

failed because collatz main references functions that do not exist because they 
are in a file that wasn't compiled



D
~

  Attempt to compile only the file `collatz_funcs.c' by doing
  ,----
  | gcc -o something collatz_funcs.c
  `----


  This should result in an error. Show the output of that error and
  determine why the compilation fails.

this fails because there is no main function

Review Course Syllabus
======================

  Make sure to review the Course Syllabus to acquaint yourself with
  course policies such as the following.
  - The PRIME DIRECTIVE to preserve academic integrity
  - Fair collaboration with other students
  - Late submission policies on assignments (projects, HW, quizzes, lab
    work)
  - Grading criteria and weighting on exams/assignments