$29
Assignment #2 Solution
Purpose:
To practice creating processes and signal handling.
Computing
Please ssh into one of the following:
• 140.192.36.184
• 140.192.36.185
• 140.192.36.186
• 140.192.36.187
or use your own Linux machine.
Overview:
A student approaches the Dean of the College to take a science class. The Dean assigns a prof, who is smart and capable, but is also very tired. If the professor falls asleep while giving the lecture then the student will wait for NUM_SNORES_BEFORE_STUDENT_COMPLAINS snores before waking the professor. On the NUM_COMPLAINTS_TO_PROF_BEFORE_COMPLAIN_TO_DEAN-th attempt the student bypasses the prof and goes straight to the dean, who also yells at the prof.
Assignment:
a. Copy and paste the following 3 files:
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*
*--- ---*
*--- sleepyProfHeaders.h ---*
*--- ---*
*--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---*
*--- ---*
*--- Version 1a Joseph Phillips ---*
*--- ---*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
// PURPOSE: To tell the length string arrays.
#define MAX_LINE 64
// PURPOSE: To tell the name of the professor.
#define PROFS_NAME "Prof Narcolepsy"
// PURPOSE: To tell the name of the program the professor process should run.
#define PROF_PROGRAM "prof"
// PURPOSE: To tell the name of the program the student process should run.
#define STUDENT_PROGRAM "student"
// PURPOSE: To help determine how long a class period is.
#define NUM_MOMENTS_IN_CLASS 90
// PURPOSE: To help determine how long a class period is.
#define SECONDS_PER_MOMENT 1
// PURPOSE: To tell the probability that the professor will fall asleep in a
// moment.
#define PROF_FALL_ASLEEP_PROB 0.125
// PURPOSE: To tell the number of sleeping moments that must occur before the
// student complains.
#define NUM_SNORES_BEFORE_STUDENT_COMPLAINS 3
// PURPOSE: To tell the number of complaints to the professor that must occur
// before the student complains to the dean.
#define NUM_COMPLAINTS_TO_PROF_BEFORE_COMPLAIN_TO_DEAN \
3
// PURPOSE: What the professor sends to the student to teach him or her.
#define PROF_TEACH_SIGNAL SIGUSR1
// PURPOSE: What the professor sends to the student to say that he or she is
// sleeping.
#define PROF_SNORE_SIGNAL SIGUSR2
// PURPOSE: What the student sends to the professor and dean to complain about
// the sleeping prof.
#define COMPLAIN_SIGNAL SIGUSR1
// PURPOSE: What the dean sends to the professor, and the professor to the
// student, to say the class is over.
#define CLASS_DISMISSED_SIGNAL SIGINT
// PURPOSE: To distinguish among the academic topics the professor can teach.
typedef enum
{
NO_SUBJECT,
PHYSICS_SUBJECT,
CHEMISTRY_SUBJECT,
BIOLOGY_SUBJECT,
MIN_SUBJECT = PHYSICS_SUBJECT,
MAX_SUBJECT = BIOLOGY_SUBJECT,
NUM_SUBJECTS
}
subject_ty;
// PURPOSE: To hold the names of the academic subjects references by
// 'subject_ty'.
extern
const char* subjectName[NUM_SUBJECTS];
// PURPOSE: To return the corresponding 'subject_ty' value of the subject
// named 'subjectNameCPtr', or to return 'NO_SUBJECT' if no match is found.
extern
subject_ty getSubjectFromName (const char* subjectNameCPtr
);
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*
*--- ---*
*--- dean.c ---*
*--- ---*
*--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---*
*--- ---*
*--- Version 1a Joseph Phillips ---*
*--- ---*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "sleepyProfHeaders.h"
// PURPOSE: To hold the process id of the professor (child) process.
pid_t profPid;
// PURPOSE: To hold '1' while the professor process is running.
int isProfRunning = 0;
// PURPOSE: To ask the user which subject they want to study, and to return
// the corresponding 'subject_ty' value. No parameters.
subject_ty getSubject ()
{
int i;
int subject;
char text[MAX_LINE];
printf("Dean \"Welcome to the Bubu University!\"\n");
do
{
printf("Dean \"What would you like to study?\"\n");
for (i = (int)MIN_SUBJECT; i <= (int)MAX_SUBJECT; i++)
{
printf(" %d: %s\n",i,subjectName[i]);
}
fgets(text,MAX_LINE,stdin);
subject = strtol(text,NULL,0);
}
while ( (subject < MIN_SUBJECT) || (subject > MAX_SUBJECT) );
return((subject_ty)subject);
}
// PURPOSE: To tell the professor to wake up. Ignores 'sigNum'. No return
// value.
void complainSigHandler
(int sigNum
)
{
printf("Dean \"WAKE UP!\"\n");
kill(profPid,COMPLAIN_SIGNAL);
}
// PURPOSE: To handle when the professor process finishes. Ignores 'sigNum'.
// No return value.
void sigChildHandler (int sigNum
)
{
int status;
wait(&status);
if ( WIFEXITED(status) && (WEXITSTATUS(status) == EXIT_SUCCESS) )
{
printf("(The Dean turns of the lights and locks the classroom.)\n");
}
else
{
printf("Dean \"Whoops! I will look into that.\"\n");
}
isProfRunning = 0;
}
// PURPOSE: To install 'complainSigHandler()' as the signal handler to handle
// 'COMPLAIN_SIGNAL' coming to the dean. No parameters. No return value.
void installSignalHandlers
()
{
struct sigaction act;
memset(&act,'\0',sizeof(act));
act.sa_handler = complainSigHandler;
sigaction(COMPLAIN_SIGNAL,&act,NULL);
act.sa_handler = sigChildHandler;
sigaction(SIGCHLD,&act,NULL);
}
// PURPOSE: To start the professor process (and initialize 'profPid'), and
// to have the professor process teach 'subject'
void startProf (subject_ty subject
)
{
char text[MAX_LINE];
printf("Dean: \"%s, today you will teach %s\"\n",
PROFS_NAME,subjectName[subject]
);
isProfRunning = 1;
profPid = fork();
if (profPid == 0)
{
execl(PROF_PROGRAM,PROF_PROGRAM,subjectName[subject],NULL);
printf("Prof \"I cannot find my classroom! I quit!\"\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
// PURPOSE: To wait for either the class to be over (more specifically, for
// 'NUM_MOMENTS_IN_CLASS' * 'SECONDS_PER_MOMENT' seconds to elapse), or
// to be notified that the professor process no longer runs. No
// parameters. No return value.
void waitUntilClassPeriodIsOver
()
{
int momentNum;
for ( momentNum = 0; momentNum < NUM_MOMENTS_IN_CLASS; momentNum++ )
{
sleep(SECONDS_PER_MOMENT);
if (!isProfRunning)
{
break;
}
if ( (momentNum % 5) == 0 )
{
printf("(The Dean shuffles paper.)\n");
}
}
}
// PURPOSE: To inform the professor process that class is over, and to wait
// to be notified by the OS that it has finished. No parameters. No
// return value.
void informProfClassIsOver ()
{
printf("Dean \"Class is over!\"\n");
kill(profPid,CLASS_DISMISSED_SIGNAL);
while (isProfRunning)
sleep(1);
}
// PURPOSE: To run the program. Ignores command line arguments. Returns
// 'EXIT_SUCCESS' to OS.
int main ()
{
int subject = getSubject();
installSignalHandlers();
startProf(subject);
waitUntilClassPeriodIsOver();
if (isProfRunning)
{
informProfClassIsOver();
}
return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*
*--- ---*
*--- subjectName.c ---*
*--- ---*
*--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---*
*--- ---*
*--- Version 1a Joseph Phillips ---*
*--- ---*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "sleepyProfHeaders.h"
// PURPOSE: To hold the names of the academic subjects references by
// 'subject_ty'.
const char* subjectName[NUM_SUBJECTS] =
{
"",
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
};
// PURPOSE: To return the corresponding 'subject_ty' value of the subject
// named 'subjectNameCPtr', or to return 'NO_SUBJECT' if no match is found.
subject_ty getSubjectFromName (const char* subjectNameCPtr
)
{
int i;
for (i = (int)MIN_SUBJECT; i <= (int)MAX_SUBJECT; i++)
{
if (strcmp(subjectNameCPtr,subjectName[i]) == 0)
{
return((subject_ty)i);
}
}
return(NO_SUBJECT);
}
b. Copy, paste, and finish prof.c:
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*
*--- ---*
*--- prof.c ---*
*--- ---*
*--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---*
*--- ---*
*--- Version 1a Joseph Phillips ---*
*--- ---*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "sleepyProfHeaders.h"
// PURPOSE: To hold '1' while class still is in session, or '0' after class
// is over.
int isStillClassTime = 1;
// PURPOSE: To hold '2' when the prof is quite awake, '1' when the prof is
// about to fall asleep, or '0' when the prof is asleep.
int awakeLevel = 2;
// PURPOSE: To hold the process id number of the student (child) process.
pid_t studentPid;
// PURPOSE: To tell how many facts are known for each subject.
#define NUM_FACTS_PER_SUBJECT 4
// PURPOSE: To tell the physics facts.
const char* PHYSICS_KNOWLEDGE[NUM_FACTS_PER_SUBJECT] =
{ "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt"
" when dm/dt = 0.",
"Fermions have 1/2 spin and cannot occupy the same quantum"
" state, Bosons have integer spin and can occupy the same"
" quantum state.",
"The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules"
" supports the structure of most matter at our scale. If "
"gravity overcomes this electron repulsion, then electrons "
"collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron "
"star.",
"There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
};
// PURPOSE: To tell the chemistry facts.
const char* CHEMISTRY_KNOWLEDGE[NUM_FACTS_PER_SUBJECT] =
{"In SN2 reactions, the nucleophile puts electron density into"
" the anti-bonding orbital of leaving group, thus weakening"
" the bond between the leaving group and the substrate.",
"The transition state of a reaction is the configuration of "
"highest energy.",
"The energy difference between the reactants and the "
"transition state determines the rate of reaction",
"The Diels-Alder reaction is a popular way to make cyclic "
"compounds with atoms other than carbon."
};
// PURPOSE: To tell the biology facts.
const char* BIOLOGY_KNOWLEDGE[NUM_FACTS_PER_SUBJECT] =
{"Allopatric speciation happens when some geological barrier "
"forms in the range of a species. The barrier prevents "
"genetic interchange and the previous single species can turn"
" into two or more by genetic drift and different selective"
" pressures.",
"A classic case of Allopatric speciation is with chimpanzees"
" north of the Congo river and Bonobos south of it.",
"The Hox genes control body plan of an embryo from head to "
"tail in creatures as diverse from earthworms to fruit flies "
"to humans. That implies we all had a common ancestor "
"hundreds of millions of years ago.",
"The Krebs cycle is very important because it is how all "
"known aerobic organisms turn carbohydrates, fats and protein"
" into energy."
};
// PURPOSE: To make the professor wake up after receiving the COMPLAIN_SIGNAL.
// If the signal comes from the dean then sets 'awakeLevel = 2' and
// prints:
// "Prof \"(Oops! The Dean caught me sleeping on the job!)\"\n"
// "Prof \"Now as I was saying . . .\"\n"
//
// If the signal *merely* comes from the student then sets 'awakeLevel = 1'
// and prints:
// "Prof \"Huh? What? Oops! I must have fallen asleep!\"\n"
// "Prof \"Now as I was saying . . .\"\n".
void wakeUpHandler (int sigNum,
siginfo_t* infoPtr,
void* vPtr
)
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
}
// PURPOSE: To make this process stop by setting 'isStillClassTime = 0',
// and to tell the student process to stop by sending it
// CLASS_DISMISSED_SIGNAL. Also prints:
// "Prof \"Class dismissed!\"\n"
void classDismissedHandler
(int sigNum
)
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
}
// PURPOSE: To install 'wakeUpHandler()' for 'COMPLAIN_SIGNAL' and
// 'classDismissedHandler()' for 'CLASS_DISMISSED_SIGNAL'.
void installHandlers ()
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
}
// PURPOSE: To print the lesson, and to send 'PROF_TEACH_SIGNAL' to the
// student.
void teach (pid_t studentPid,
subject_ty subject
)
{
const char** cPtrPtr;
switch (subject)
{
case PHYSICS_SUBJECT :
cPtrPtr = PHYSICS_KNOWLEDGE;
break;
case CHEMISTRY_SUBJECT :
cPtrPtr = CHEMISTRY_KNOWLEDGE;
break;
case BIOLOGY_SUBJECT :
cPtrPtr = BIOLOGY_KNOWLEDGE;
break;
}
printf("Prof \"%s\"\n",cPtrPtr[rand() % NUM_FACTS_PER_SUBJECT]);
// YOUR CODE HERE
}
// PURPOSE: To send the 'PROF_SNORE_SIGNAL' to the student.
void snore (pid_t studentPid
)
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
}
// PURPOSE: To start the student (child) process. The child runs
// 'STUDENT_PROGRAM' with the command line argument 'text' (telling the
// process id of the dean). It prints
// "Student \"I cannot find my classroom!\"\n"
// and does:
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
// The parent process returns the process id of the student child process.
pid_t obtainStudent ()
{
char text[MAX_LINE];
pid_t childPid;
snprintf(text,MAX_LINE,"%d",getppid());
// YOUR CODE HERE
return(childPid);
}
// PURPOSE: To do the work of the professor. Returns 'EXIT_SUCCESS'.
int main (int argc,
char* argv[]
)
{
subject_ty subject;
struct sigaction act;
srand(getpid());
installHandlers();
if ( (argc < 2) ||
( (subject = getSubjectFromName(argv[1])) == NO_SUBJECT)
)
{
printf("Prof \"I don't know which course I'm teaching, I quit!\"\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
studentPid = obtainStudent();
while (isStillClassTime)
{
if (awakeLevel > 0)
{
teach(studentPid,subject);
if ( ((rand() % 1024) / 1024.0) < PROF_FALL_ASLEEP_PROB )
{
awakeLevel--;
}
}
else
{
snore(studentPid);
}
sleep(1);
}
return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
c. Write student.c
student.c will have one command line argument: the process id of the dean. If this is missing then it should print:
"Student \"Hey! You did not tell me the Dean's number so I can complain if I need to\"\n"
and then do exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
The student should have 3 handlers:
b. A CLASS_DISMISSED_SIGNAL handler. It ends the sleep() loop in main(). It should also display a message saying the student will quit:
printf("Student \"Time for lunch!\"\n");
c. A PROF_TEACH_SIGNAL handler. It just prints the following:
printf("(Student scribbles notes.)\n");
d. A PROF_SNORE_SIGNAL handler.
This handler should keep track of two things:
1. The number of times the student was recently snored at
2. The number of times the student recently complained to the prof
Every time it is called it should increment the number of times the student was recently snored at.
3. If this is less than NUM_SNORES_BEFORE_STUDENT_COMPLAINS then it should just print:
printf("Student \"%s?\"\n",PROFS_NAME);
4. Else, it should
a. Reset the number of times the student was recently snored at to 0
b. Increment the number of times the student recently complained to the prof.
c. If that count is less than NUM_COMPLAINTS_TO_PROF_BEFORE_COMPLAIN_TO_DEAN then it should send COMPLAIN_SIGNAL to the prof process (its parent) and print
printf("Student \"%s!\"\n",PROFS_NAME);
d. If the count is greater than or equal to NUM_COMPLAINTS_TO_PROF_BEFORE_COMPLAIN_TO_DEAN then it should send COMPLAIN_SIGNAL to the dean process, set the count to 0 and print
printf("Student \"I have had enough! I'm calling the Dean.\"\n");
After installing the handlers, main() should just do a sleep() loop waiting for the program to end. I had:
while (isStillClassTime)
{
sleep(1);
}
return(EXIT_SUCCESS);
How to make the program:
$ gcc -c subjectName.c
$ gcc -c dean.c
$ gcc -c prof.c
$ gcc -o dean dean.o subjectName.o
$ gcc -o prof prof.o subjectName.o
$ gcc -c student.c
$ gcc -o student student.o
Then run it with the following:
$ ./dean
The dean starts the prof. The prof starts the student.
Sample output:
$ ./dean
Dean "Welcome to the Bubu University!"
Dean "What would you like to study?"
1: Physics
2: Chemistry
3: Biology
1
Dean: "Prof Narcolepsy, today you will teach Physics"
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
Prof "(Oops! The Dean caught me sleeping on the job!)"
Prof "Now as I was saying . . ."
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "Fermions have 1/2 spin and cannot occupy the same quantum state, Bosons ha
ve integer spin and can occupy the same quantum state."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "Fermions have 1/2 spin and cannot occupy the same quantum state, Bosons ha
ve integer spin and can occupy the same quantum state."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy?" (1st time snoring, no signal yet)
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy?" (2nd time snoring, no signal yet)
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy!" (3rd time snoring, now we send signal)
(1st time we had to wake the prof)
Prof "Huh? What? Oops! I must have fallen asleep!"
Prof "Now as I was saying . . ."
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy?"
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy?"
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy!" (2nd time we had to wake the prof)
Prof "Huh? What? Oops! I must have fallen asleep!"
Prof "Now as I was saying . . ."
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy?"
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "Prof Narcolepsy?"
Prof ("Snore!")
Student "I have had enough! I'm calling the Dean."
(3rd time, we give up of the prof and call the dean)
Dean "WAKE UP!"
Prof "(Oops! The Dean caught me sleeping on the job!)"
Prof "Now as I was saying . . ."
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
(The Dean shuffles paper.)
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "The electron-electron repulsion between atoms and molecules supports the s
tructure of most matter at our scale. If gravity overcomes this electron repulsi
on, then electrons collapse into the nucleus and matter becomes a neutron star."
...
Prof "There is a large Black hole at the center of our galaxy."
(Student scribbles notes.)
Prof "F = m*a is a special case of F = dp/dt = m*dv/dt + v*dm/dt when dm/dt = 0.
"
(Student scribbles notes.)
Dean "Class is over!"
Prof "Class dismissed!"
Student "Time for lunch!"
(The Dean turns of the lights and locks the classroom.)
