Homework #4 SOlution

1 Overview




In this assignment, you will learn the basics of sequential logic, and create both a one-hot state machine and a reduced state machine.







Part 1: RS Latch, Master-Slave D Flip-Flop, and Register



For this part of the homework you are going to make your own Register, from the ground up. All of the circuits in this part will be in the latches.sim le.




2.1 RS Latch




Open up the the RS Latch subcircuit in the latches.sim le. For this part you will need to create an RS Latch. Note: You only need 1 output, so you may disregard the inverse output of a normal RS Latch.




You can nd information about this circuit in the Patt & Patel textbook, pages 65 and 66.




2.2 Master-Slave D Flip-Flop




Open up the D Flip-Flop subcircuit. For this part you will need to create a Master-Slave D Flip-Flop using the RS Latch you just created. Note: Your implementation of this Master-Slave D Flip-Flop should use only change on the rising edge, i.e, the state of the D Flip-Flop should only be able to change at the exact moment when the CLK (Clock) input goes from 0 to 1.




Consider implementing a Gated D Latch subcircuit rst.







Figure 1: An example of the Master Slave D Flip Flop, with the boxes representing Gated D Latches







You can nd information about the Gated D Latch and this circuit in the Patt & Patel textbook, pages 65 and 66.




2.3 Register




Open up the Register subcircuit.




needs to use edge-triggered logic.




For this part you will need to create a 4-bit Register. This Register also Hint: Split the 4-bit input and utilize the D Flip-Flops you just created.






Part 2: Finite State Machine



For this part of the homework, you will implement the nite state machine behind a parking garage gate.















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3.1 The State Machine




We are modeling the nite state machine behind a boom barrier (think gated parking garage entrances).




3.1.1 Scenario




State: We start with the barrier closed, there is no car, and the SCAN YOUR BUZZCARD light is on.



Event: A car approaches the machine and the driver scans their card.



State: The barrier opens and stays open.



Event: The driver drives under the gate, the sensor under the gate starts showing that there is a car underneath.



State: The barrier stays open, waiting for the car to pass.



Event: The driver clears the gate, and the sensor under the gate starts showing that there is not a car underneath.



Our state machine loops back to the beginning, with the gate closed and light on.












Figure 2: Our state machine with its 3 states in order.







3.1.2 States




Our state machine has 3 states: State 0: Gate Closed, State 1: Gate Open, and State 2: Car Under




Gate. Our state machine begins with State 0: Gate Closed.




3.1.3 Inputs




G = Valid card scan from card scanner (1 when a valid card scan has been made, 0 otherwise)




F = Gate sensor: whether or not there is a car passing under the gate (1 when a car is underneath the gate, 0 otherwise)




3.1.4 Outputs




A = Scan Card Now light at the kiosk




B = Signal to the motor to keep the gate open C = Signal to the motor to keep the gate closed




Note that B and C are the inverse of each other and there's no practical reason why you'd do this in real life. They exist just for the sake of having more outputs.







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3.1.5 State - Output Mappings




State 0: Scan card light and closed garage door




State 1: Open garage door




State 2: Open garage door




3.1.6 Transitions




If we are in state 0 and G == 1 (a card was read) we transition to state 1.



If we are in state 1 and F == 1 (a car is detected underneath) we transition to state 2.



If we are in state 2 and F == 0 (the detected car is gone) we transition to state 0.



Note that these rules don't include every possible combination of inputs and current state. You should interpret these rules as su cient - for example, if we are in state 0 and G == 1, we should transition to state 1 regardless of the value of F. Similarly, all input combinations not containing G == 1 at this state should result in staying in this state.




3.1.7 Finite State Machine Diagram




Here is a diagram of our state machine containing all of the information listed above:














State 1






Gate Open






B




G


F


State 0


State 2
start
Gate Closed
!F
Car in Gate


AC
B













Figure 3: The State Machine Diagram for our State Machine







3.2 One-Hot Encoding Implementation




For this part of the homework you will need to implement our state machine in CircuitSim using a One-Hot Encoding. What this means is that we use 1 bit per state to represent our current state. So with our 3 states, we will need 3 bits. It is important that this machine stays one-hot: there should be at most one bit set to 1 in the register at any time.




Use the following mappings for each state in your One-Hot state machine:




State 0: 001




State 1: 010







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State 2: 100




Make this circuit in the One-Hot State Machine subcircuit in the fsm.sim le. Also, notice along with G and F there are 2 other inputs: CLK is the clock and will be used to simulate the clock of the circuit cycling on and o , and RESET should reset your state machine.




Your state machine, when the circuit is initially started or when the reset button is pushed, will return to the invalid 000 state. You need to handle this case to make it go to State 0, which is our start state.










3.3 Reduced Encoding Implementation




For this part of the homework you will need to implement our state machine in CircuitSim using a Reduced Encoding. This means we will be using two bits to represent the state instead of the three bits we used in the One-hot case.




Each state will be represented by its number in two-bit binary: State 0 corresponds to 00, State 1 to 01, and State 2 to 10. The 11 encoding is unused.




3.3.1 Worksheet




In order to reach this encoding, you need to prepare a truth table, Karnaugh maps, and nally reach the nal reduced expressions that you will use for the gates in your circuit. For this purpose, we have prepared a worksheet that you will nd in this archive that you must complete. This worksheet will be scanned and submitted on Gradescope, and its contents will be written on Canvas for autograding. Please follow instructions on the worksheet for more information. You MUST complete the worksheet.




IMPORTANT! SUBMIT YOUR WORKSHEET CONTENTS ON CANVAS TO SEE THAT YOU HAVE GOTTEN IT RIGHT BEFORE CONTINUING.




3.3.2 Circuit




Now that the worksheet is complete and you have veri ed your results on Canvas, it's time to implement this circuit in the Reduced State Machine subcircuit in the fsm.sim le. Also, notice along with G and F there are 2 other inputs: CLK is the clock and will be used to simulate the clock of the circuit cycling on and o , and RESET should reset your state machine.




Since 00 is the default state, no additional logic for the resetting is required in this case.







Deliverables



Please make sure the following items have been submitted in the correct locations:




Worksheet contents ) Canvas, submission details on Worksheet



Worksheet scan ) Gradescope, Homework 4 Worksheet Scan assignment



fsm.sim and latches.sim ) Gradescope, Homework 4 Circuits assignment



Be sure to check your score to see if you submitted the right les, as well as your email frequently until the due date of the assignment for any potential updates.
















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Rules and Regulations



5.1 General Rules




Starting with the assembly homeworks, any code you write must be meaningfully commented. You should comment your code in terms of the algorithm you are implementing; we all know what each line of code does.



Although you may ask TAs for clari cation, you are ultimately responsible for what you submit. This means that (in the case of demos) you should come prepared to explain to the TA how any piece of code you submitted works, even if you copied it from the book or read about it on the internet.



Please read the assignment in its entirety before asking questions.



Please start assignments early, and ask for help early. Do not email us the night the assignment is due with questions.



If you nd any problems with the assignment it would be greatly appreciated if you reported them to the author (which can be found at the top of the assignment). Announcements will be posted if the assignment changes.



5.2 Submission Conventions




All les you submit for assignments in this course should have your name at the top of the le as a comment for any source code le, and somewhere in the le, near the top, for other les unless otherwise noted.



When preparing your submission you may either submit the les individually to Canvas/Gradescope or you may submit an archive (zip or tar.gz only please) of the les. You can create an archive by right clicking on les and selecting the appropriate compress option on your system. Both ways (uploading raw les or an archive) are exactly equivalent, so choose whichever is most convenient for you.



Do not submit compiled les, that is .class les for Java code and .o les for C code. Only submit the les we ask for in the assignment.



Do not submit links to les. The autograder does not understand it, and we will not manually grade assignments submitted this way as it is easy to change the les after the submission period ends.



5.3 Submission Guidelines




You are responsible for turning in assignments on time. This includes allowing for unforeseen circum-stances. If you have an emergency let us know IN ADVANCE of the due time supplying documenta-tion (i.e. note from the dean, doctor's note, etc). Extensions will only be granted to those who contact us in advance of the deadline and no extensions will be made after the due date.



You are also responsible for ensuring that what you turned in is what you meant to turn in. After submitting you should be sure to download your submission into a brand new folder and test if it works. No excuses if you submit the wrong les, what you turn in is what we grade. In addition, your assignment must be turned in via Canvas/Gradescope. Under no circumstances whatsoever we will accept any email submission of an assignment. Note: if you were granted an extension you will still turn in the assignment over Canvas/Gradescope.



There is a 6-hour grace period added to all assignments. You may submit your assignment without penalty up until 11:55PM, or with 25% penalty up until 5:55AM. So what you should take from this is not to start assignments on the last day and plan to submit right at 11:54AM. You alone are responsible for submitting your homework before the grace period begins or ends; neither Canvas/Gradescope, nor



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your aky internet are to blame if you are unable to submit because you banked on your computer working up until 11:54PM. The penalty for submitting during the grace period (25%) or after (no credit) is non-negotiable.




5.4 Syllabus Excerpt on Academic Misconduct




Academic misconduct is taken very seriously in this class. Quizzes, timed labs and the nal examination are individual work.




Homework assignments are collaborative, In addition many if not all homework assignments will be evaluated via demo or code review. During this evaluation, you will be expected to be able to explain every aspect of your submission. Homework assignments will also be examined using computer programs to nd evidence of unauthorized collaboration.




What is unauthorized collaboration? Each individual programming assignment should be coded by you. You may work with others, but each student should be turning in their own version of the assignment. Submissions that are essentially identical will receive a zero and will be sent to the Dean of Students' O ce of Academic Integrity. Submissions that are copies that have been super cially modi ed to conceal that they are copies are also considered unauthorized collaboration.




You are expressly forbidden to supply a copy of your homework to another student via elec-tronic means. This includes simply e-mailing it to them so they can look at it. If you supply an electronic copy of your homework to another student and they are charged with copying, you will also be charged. This includes storing your code on any site which would allow other parties to obtain your code such as but not limited to public repositories (Github), pastebin, etc. If you would like to use version control, use github.gatech.edu




5.5 Is collaboration allowed?




Collaboration is allowed on a high level, meaning that you may discuss design points and concepts relevant to the homework with your peers, share algorithms and pseudo-code, as well as help each other debug code. What you shouldn't be doing, however, is pair programming where you collaborate with each other on a single instance of the code. Furthermore, sending an electronic copy of your homework to another student for them to look at and gure out what is wrong with their code is not an acceptable way to help them, because it is frequently the case that the recipient will simply modify the code and submit it as their own. Consider instead using a screen-sharing collaboration app, such as http://webex.gatech.edu/, to help someone with debugging if you're not in the same room.






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